Social, intellectual, political, and economic
elements of European history, 800 to 1648. Role of
Christianity in the formation of a dominant
culture; feudalism and the development of
conflicts between secular and religious life.
Contacts with the non-European world, the
Crusades, minority groups, popular and elite
cultural expressions. Intellectual and cultural
life of the High Middle Ages, secular challenges
of the Renaissance, divisions of European culture
owing to the rise of national monarchies and
religious reformations.