How diverse Muslim religious beliefs and
practices, institutions, values, and cultural
patterns have influenced movements for political
and social change in modern(-izing) contexts.
Survey of premodern precursors of modern activism
(e.g., Kharijites, early Shi'a, Wahhabism);
19th-century European colonial incursions that
sparked resistance movements and efforts to
reformulate Muslim civilization in response;
20th-century contestation over how to shape
emergent postcolonial Muslim societies. Focus on
MENA region with attention to non-Muslim-majority
societies, including America.