Discussion, critique, and application of current, research on adolescent development, understood, from psychosocial, culturally responsive, and, justice-oriented perspectives. Explores theories, of cognitive, relational, sexual, moral, and, spiritual development with an emphasis on the, middle- and high-school student's construction of, identity as it is shaped by culture, ethnicity, gender, linguistic heritage, race, sexual, orientation, and socioeconomic status. Examines, strategies for promoting resilience and engaging, students in learning experiences that are, responsive to development levels and cultural, contexts.